导读F9
PrefaceF29
List of FiguresF31
List of TablesF33
1 Reading Devices1
1.1 Text to Speech Conversion：A Brief Introduction2
1.2 The Task of Pronouncing Aloud：A Model6
1.2.1 A Simple Example from Russian6
1.2.2 Formal Definitions11
1.2.2.1 AVMs and Annotation Graphs11
1.2.2.2 Definitions13
1.2.2.3 Axioms14
1.2.3 Central Claims of the Theory15
1.2.3.1 Regularity16
1.2.3.2 Consistency19
1.2.4 Further Issues20
1.2.4.1 Why a Constrained Theory of Writing Systems?21
1.2.4.2 Orthography and the Segmental Assumption23
1.3 Terminology and Conventions25
1.A Appendix：An Overview of Finite State Automata and Transducers29
1.A.1 Regular Languages and Finite State Automata29
1.A.2 Regular Relations and Finite State Transducers30
2 Regularity34
2.1 Planar Regular Languages and Planar Regular Relations35
2.2 The Locality Hypothesis41
2.3 Planar Arrangements：Examples42
2.3.1 Korean Hankul43
2.3.2 Devanagari45
2.3.3 Pahawh Hmong47
2.3.4 Chinese48
2.3.5 A Counterexample from Ancient Egyptian54
2.4 Cross Writing System Variation in the SLU55
2.5 Macroscopic Catenation：Text Direction59
2.A Sample Chinese Characters and Their Analyses62
3 ORL Depth and Consistency67
3.1 Russian and Belarusian Orthography：A Case Study67
3.1.1 Vowel Reduction68
3.1.2 Regressive Palatalization73
3.1.3 Lexical Marking in Russian and Other Issues76
3.1.4 Summary of Russian and Belarusian79
3.2 English79
3.3 The Orthographic Representation of Serbo Croatian Consonant Devoicing89
3.3.1 Methods and Materials91
3.3.2 Results92
3.4 Cyclicity in Orthography95
3.5 Surface Orthographic Constraints96
3.A English Deep and Shallow ORLs99
3.A.1 Lexical Representations99
3.A.2 Rules for the Deep ORL127
3.A.3 Rules for the Shallow ORL129
4 Linguistic Elements131
4.1 Taxonomies of Writing Systems：A Brief Overview132
4.1.1 Gelb132
4.1.2 Sampson133
4.1.3 DeFrancis134
4.1.3.1 No Full Writing System Is Semasiographic134
4.1.3.2 All Full Writing Is Phonographic135
4.1.3.3 Hankul Is Not Featural135
4.1.4 A New Proposal
4.1.5 Summary
4.2 Chinese Writing
4.3 Japanese Writing
4.4 Some Further Examples
4.4.1 Syriac Syame
4.4.2 Reduplication Markers
4.4.3 Cancellation Signs
5 Psycholinguistic Evidence
5.1 Multiple Routes and the Orthographic
Depth Hypothesis
5.1.1 Evidence for the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis
5.1.2 Evidence against the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis
5.2 "Shallow" Processing in "Deep" Orthographies
5.2.1 Phonological Access in Chinese
5.2.2 Phonological Access in Japanese
5.2.3 Evidence for the Function of Phonetic Components in Chinese
5.2.4 Summary
5.3 Connectionist Models:The Seidenberg-McClelland Model
5.3.1 Outline of the Model
5.3.2 What Is Wrong with the Model？
5.4 Summary
6 Further Issues
6.1 Adaptation of Writing Systems:The Case of Manx Gaelic
6.2 Orthographic Reforms: The Case of Dutch
6.2.1 The 1954 Spelling Rules
6.2.2 The 1995 Spelling Rules
6.3 Other Forms of Notation:Numerical Notation and Its Relation to Number Names
6.4 Abbreviatory Devices
6.5 Non-Bloomfieldian Views on Writing
6.6 Postscript
Bibliography
Index
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