When bridges fail, often with loss of human life, those
involved may be unwilling to speak openly about the cause. Yet it
is possible to learn from mistakes. The lessons gained lead to
greater safety and are a source of innovation.
This book contains a systematic, unprecedented overview of more
than 500 bridge failures assigned to the time of their occurrence
in the bridges'' life cycle and to the releasing events. Primary
causes are identified. Many of the cases investigated are published
關於作者:
Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. h. Joachim Scheer taught Steel
Construction at the Technical University of Braunschweig Germany.
He has investigated and written expert reports on numerous cases of
structural failure and has frequently served as a coordinator of
committees working on German technical standards. This book is
based on over thirty years of teaching, research and
consultancy.
目錄:
Foreword.
Contents.
Preface to the English edition 2010.
Preface to the German edition 2000.
1 Introduction.
1.1 Retrospect.
1.2 Aim.
1.3 Structure.
1.4 Earlier Publications on the Failure of Load-bearing
Structures.
1.5 Estimated Numbers of Bridges in Germany and USA.
2 Failure of Bridges, General Information.
3 Failure During Construction.
3.1 General Observations.
3.2 Buckling of Compression Members in Truss Bridges.
3.3 Deflection of Steel Compression Struts or Chords Out of the
Plane of a Truss or Beam - a Trough Bridge Problem.
3.4 Failure of Steel Bridges with Box Girders.
3.5 Failure of Cantilever Prestressed Concrete Bridge Beams.
3.6 Failure of Bridges Constructed by Incremental Launching.
3.7 Collapse of the Frankenthal Rhine Bridge.
3.8 Damage During Construction of the Heidingsfeld Motorway
Bridge.
3.9 Failure During Demolition or Reconstruction.
3.10 Remarks on Cantilever Erection.
3.11 Remarks on the Collapse of a Steel Truss Bridge Over the
Mississippi.
4 Failure in Service Without External Action.
4.1 General Observations.
4.2 Remarks on the Nienburg "cable" -stayed Bridge Over the River
Saale.
4.3 Failure of Suspension Bridges.
4.4 Collapse of the Dee Bridge.
4.5 Collapse Due to Wind Action, Excluding Suspension
Bridges.
4.6 Collapse through Overload, Excluding Suspension Bridges.
4.7 Collapse of the M?nchenstein Bridge.
4.8 Collapse or Damage Due to Material Defects: Brittle
Fracture.
4.9 Damage Resutling from Fatigue or Bad Maintenance.
4.10 Collapse of the Elbow Grade Bridge.
4.11 Collapse of the Connecticut Turnpike Bridge Over the Mianus
River and the Sungsu Truss Bridge over the Han River in
Seoul.
5 Failure Due to Impact of Ship Collision.
5.1 General Observations.
5.2 Conclusions from Table 5.
6 Failure Due to Impact from Traffic Under the Bridge.
6.1 General Observations.
6.2 Impact Due to Failure to Observe the Loading Height.
6.3 Collision with Bridge Supports by Derailed Trains or Vehicles
Leaving the Road.
7 Failure Due to Impact from Traffic On the Bridge.
8 Failure Due to Flooding, Ice Floes, Floating Timber and
Hurricane.
9 Failure Due to Fire or Explosion.
10 Failure Due to Seismic Activity.
11 Failure of Falsework.
11.1 General Observations.
11.2 Failure Due to Inadequate Lateral Stiffness.
11.3 Failure Due to Poor Foundations.
11.4 Failure Due to Inadequate Coordination Between Design and
Construction.
11.5 Failure Due to Errors in Design, Construction and
Operation.
11.6 Three Particular Cases.
12 Lessons for the Practice.
12.1 General Observations.
12.2 Design.
12.3 Structural Safety Calculations and Design Detailing.
12.4 Construction Management.
12.5 Inspection and Maintenance of Structures.
12.6 Rules and Formulations in Engineering Literature.
12.7 My Own Summary.
13 Lessons for Teaching.
14 Literature.
15 Geographical Index.
16 Sources of Drawings and Photographs.
17 Index.