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| 內容簡介： |
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Landdegradationisaprominentecologicalproblemindrylandareasandafocusofmanycountriesandin-temationalorganizations.Continualworseningoflanddegradationindrylandareascausednotonlydeclineofsoilfertilityandreductionoffoodproductiondirectlyimpactingonfarmers''livelihood,butalsodeterio-rationofecosystemsthreateningthefoundationforhumansurvival.Therefore,itisanobligatoryresponsi-bilityofcountries,internationalorganizationsandscientiststoimprovetheecologicalsituationindrylandareas,topreventlanddegradationandtoachievesustainablelandmanagementassoonaspossible.Chinahasawidedistributionofdrylandandlanddegradationissevere.Landdegradationhasbecomethekeyfactorrestrainingsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentindrylandareas.Inordertoimprovetheecologicalconditionsindrylandareas,Chinesegovernmentanditspeoplehavetakenmanymeasuresforecologicalimprovementandprotectionandhavemadetremendousachievementsinlanddegradationpreventionandcontrol,obtainingaseriesofapplicableexperiencesandtechniqueswhichhavegreatlycon-tributedtoecologicalimprovementandlanddegradationcontrolindrylandareas.Whilecommittedtoecologicalimprovementandenvironmentprotection,Chinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetostrengtheninginternationalcooperationandexchange.In2002,ChinesegovernmentestablishedastrategicpartnershipwiththeGEFinlanddegradationcontrol,i.e.China-GEFpartnershiponlanddegradationindrylandecosystems.ThiswasthefirstpartnershipofGEFestablishedwithagovern-mentinecologicalfields.Thepartnershipwasaimedtocreateamultiagency,cross-sectorandinter-regionalintegratednaturalresourcemanagementsystem,anewapproachtoaddressinglanddegradationproblemfromthegrassroot.Thereforetostoplanddegradation,restoredrylandecosystems,reducepoverty,andpromotesustainabledevelopmentinwesternChinaandprotectionofglobalenvironment.
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| 目錄：
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1.FIXATIONOFSHIFTINGSANDS
GrassGridSandBarrier
HighVerticalLivingSandBarriers
VegetationEstablishmentbyAerialSeeding
2.SANDPREVENTIONANDCONTROLALONGTHE
RAILWAYSANDHIGHWAYS
SandyLandManagementforProtectingRailway
Bio-protectionSystemforDesertHighway
3.IMPROVEMENTOFDEGRADEDGRASSLAND
BarnFeedinginCaptiveofLivestock
RotationalGrazing
4.WATERANDSOILCONSERVATIONMEASURES
SiltStorageDam
CheckDam
Fish-ScalePitAdverse-SlopeSitePreparation
ZhuanglangLoessTerraces
5.AFFORESTATIONINARIDANDSEMI-ARIDAREAS
PlantationofPinussylvestrisvar.mongolicaatSandyland
FarmlandShelterbeltonDryland
DeepPlantingofPoplaratHighColdAridSandyLand
"TwoRowsinOneBelt"ForestationModel
6.AGROFORESTRYMANAGEMENT
WalnutandCropInterplantingonOasis
OasisShelterbeltNetworkwithNarrow-beltandSmall-grid
7.FARMINGPRACTICESANDSOILIMPROVEMENT
CultivationonStonySandLandSalinateLandTransformation
DrainagebyHiddenPipeforIrrigatedFarmland
8.WATERSAVINGANDCATCHMENT
MulchedDripIrrigation
RainwaterCellars
9.SANDINDUSTRY
ArtificialInoculationofCistanchedeserticolato
Haloxylonammodendron
IntegratedDevelopmentofSalixpsammophila
10.UTILIZATIONOFRENEWABLEENERGY
SolarStoveDevelopment
RuralWindPowerUtilization
BiogasDigester
Acknowledgements
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| 內容試閱：
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Highverticallivingbarrierisaprotectivebarriersetinthewindandsandstrickenareas.Thebarrierwithcertainheightandpenetrabilityismadeupofgrowingplantssuitablefordryandsandyconditionstoalleviatethewindandsanddriftingspeedthroughtherowsofplants,andfinallypilingupthedriftingsand.Itisaneffectivesandfixationapproachtoprotectinfrastructurefrombeingravaged.VastdesertsaredistributedinnorthChinawheresoilisseriouslydesertified.Therail-wayservicehasexperiencedfrequentsuspensionsinQingshuisectionofLanzhou-Xinjiangrailwaylinesufferingimmenseeconomiclosses.In1980s,therailwayde-partmentraisedfundstoconstructhighverticallivingbarrierwithtechnicalsupportprovidedbyGansuDesertControlResearchInstitute.Sinceitsoperation,theprojecthasplayedanimportantroleininterceptingsandencroachmentandprotectionofnor-maloperationofrailwayservice.Thehighverticallivingbarrierissetinastripformationintheareaswherewindanddeserthazardissevere.2-4beltsofwindbreakareproperfortheseriouslyaffectedareasand1-2beltsaresuitableforlightlyaffectedplaces.Specifically,thefirstbeltofwindbreakshouldbeplantedperpendiculartothewinddirectionabout200mtotherailtrackstobeprotectedatthewindwardside.Further,windbreaksshouldbeplantedin20mintervalstototal2-4beltsinparallelwiththefirstone.Calligonumklernentzii,Haloxylonammodendron,Salixpsammophila,etc.maybeplanted.25cmorlongercuttings,oroneyearoldseedlingsin30cmareproperfortheplantationofCalligonumandSalixpsammophila;oneyearoldseedlingsof30cminlengthsuitsplantingofHaloxylonammodendron.Initialdensityshouldbekeptin10-12treesm.Aftertreeplanted,dripirrigationorothertypesofirrigationshallbeappliedinlowmoisturedunestofacilitatesurvivaloftheplants.
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