我国博士生英语入学考试采取的是各招生院校自行命题、自行组织考试的办法,但国内大部分院校博士生入学英语考试理论上都以考试大纲为指导标准,要求考生根据所读材料,应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解文中的概念性含义;(4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;(5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;(6)理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系;(7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;(8)区分论点和论据。
国内部分院校博士生入学英语考试阅读理解文章篇数与分值比较
院校
文章篇数
分值
北京大学
4
20
清华大学
5
40
中国人民大学
6
30
厦门大学
4
40
南京大学
5
40
复旦大学
4
40
中国科学院
7
40
北京航空航天大学
4
30
华中科技大学
4
40
第一天
第一天
学习目标一:探秘考博英语阅读理解文章,为获取阅读理解
高分赢得先机
一、深入了解考博英语历年真题中的阅读理解文章来源
博士入学考试的阅读理解文章题材极为广泛,涉及自然科学和社会科学的各个领域。但文章的来源并非是无规律可循的,一般都是来自英美国家一些享有较高声誉的权威报刊,以面向大众的社科类和科普类刊物为主,如Time(《时代周刊》),Nature《自然》,Discovery《探索》,Newsweek(《新闻周刊》),New York Times (《纽约时报》),The Economist(《经济学家》)等。考生应特别重视加强对于美国文化背景知识的了解,因为美国报纸杂志以及关于美国的报道是近几年考博阅读文章选材的重点。
举例:
北京大学2010年
字数题目
文章来源
4755《经济学家》(The Economist 2009)
【原文】
Yet these global trends hide starkly different national and regional storiesVittorio Colao, the boss of Vodafone, which operates or partially owns networks in 31 countries, argues that the farther south you go, the more people use their phones, even past the equator: where life is less organized, people need a tool, for example to rejig appointments“Culture influences the lifestyle, and the lifestyle influences the way we communicate,” he says, “If you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one”
Other mundane factors also affect how phones are usedFor instance, in countries where many people have holiday homes they are more likely to give out a mobile number, which then becomes the default where they can be reached, thus undermining the use of fixedline phonesTechnologies are always “both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and cultural contexts,” writes Mizuko Ire, an anthropologist at the University of California in Irvine, who has coedited a book on Japans mobilephone subculture
Indeed, Japan is a good example of how such subcultures come aboutIn the 1990s Americans and Scandinavians were early adopters of mobile phonesBut in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile