英语听力是英语学习者必须具备的基本能力，在英语四、六级考试当中也占有相当的分数比例。本书一方面能够拓展英语爱好者与应试者的知识面，另一方面还能帮助广大学习者掌握英语听力技巧，从容应对四、六级等英语考试。
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Step by Step 听透BBC——词汇突破（初级）
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1.听力理解练习 Q：Which of the following is NOT the reason of the ecosystems destroying?
A. Poor management of forests and fisheries.
B. Too much exploitation of natural resources.
C. Unlimited exploitation of animals.
D. The use of high-tech equipment.
【答案】D
解题攻略：该题目考查生态系统遭受破坏的原因，需要注意的是，该题目要求反向选择，即找出不是原因的一项。这样的题目一般来说，逐个答案进行排除是最好的方法。从题目中可以得知问题的关键词是“ecosystems destroying”。听听力回到新闻原文当中，发现有这样一句话“Poor management of forests and fisheries and unbridled exploitation of natural resources, including animals, are destroying entire ecosystems”。很明显，“Poor management of forests and fisheries”，“unbridled exploitation of natural resources”，根据这两个关键句就很容易将A、B两项排除。另外从“including animals”这个关键词来看，unbridled exploitation不光是自然资源，还包括动物，可见C项也可以排除掉，所以用排除法，D项才是正确答案。
2.复合式听写练习 Poor management of forests and fisheries and__________ exploitation of natural resources, including animals, are destroying_________ ,decimating local communities and causing____________ rates of_________of plant and animal species. Nature is being____________ ,and the world’s poorest people, as well as those living in forests rich in____________ , are impacted most keenly.
Given this connection between_________ and the loss of biodiversity,the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID, recently developed its first ever formal biodiversity policy, which builds upon its three decades of work in this area. As a result, USAID will focus investment in specific____________ geographic areas, while continuing to use the best science available and to work with partners to address threats to nature such as wildlife ________and illegal________ .
“With this Policy, USAID is well positioned to chart a development path that
nourishes, rather than depletes, natural capital.”
3.边听边译 Poor management of forests and fisheries and unbridled① exploitation of natural
resources, including animals, are destroying entire ecosystems②, decimating local
communities and causing unprecedented③ rates of extinction④ of plant and animal
species. Nature is being degraded⑤, and the world’s poorest people, as well as those living in forests rich in biodiversity⑥, are impacted most keenly.
Given this connection between poverty⑦ and the loss of biodiversity, the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID,recently developed its first ever formal biodiversity policy, which builds upon its three decades of work in this area. As a result,USAID will focus investment in specific crucial⑧ geographic areas, while continuing to use the best science available and to work with partners to address threats to nature such as wildlife trafficking⑨ and illegal logging⑩.
“With this Policy, USAID is well positioned to chart a development path that nourishes, rather than depletes, natural capital.”
对森林和渔业的不当管理，以及对包括动物在内自然资源的过分开发，正在毁坏整个生态系统，破坏当地社区，并导致植物和动物物种以前所未有的速度灭绝。自然的质量在下降，全世界最贫困的人们，以及生活在富于生物多样性森林的人们受害最深。
考虑到贫困和生物多样性缺失之间的关联，美国国际开发署最近基于在这方面30年的工作，制定出第一个正式的生物多样性政策。因此，美国国际开发署将把投资集中于针对性地放在关键的地理区域，同时继续使用可获得的最佳科学手段，与合作伙伴一起解决野生物走私和非法砍伐等对自然的威胁。
“通过这一政策，美国国际开发署将有条件制定滋养自然资源而不是破坏它的发展路线。”
4.听写笔记" ① unbridled [n''braidld] adj. 放肆的
bridle的意思是“约束”，而“un”是一个否定前缀，有“除去”的意思，所以unbridle即“除去约束”的意思。同理构成的词汇还有untie“解开”，unlock“开锁”，unbind“解放”等等。而unbridled常用的词组有unbridled boy“不受约束的男孩”。例：He is an unbridled boy.他是一个不受约束的男孩。
② entire ecosystems 整个生态系统
[in''tair]的词尾儿化音r与后面的[''eku ''sistmz]发生连读，另外t在s的后面，故发音浊化为d，所以这个词组听起来更像[in''tair''eku ''sisdmz]。eco在英文中是ecology“生态学”的缩写形式，故eco加上system表示“生态系统”。例：People are paying more and more attention on ecosystems.人们越来越多地关注生态系统了。
③ unprecedented [n''prsidntid] adj. 空前的
ced相当于go，表示“行走，前进”，比如secede“脱离”，是由se“分开”加上ced“行走，前进”再加上e表示“分开走”即“脱离”的意思。而unprecedented是由否定前缀un加上pre“之前的”，再加上cedent“行走”，最后加上ed表示形容词，表示“之前没有行走过的”，也就是“空前的”的意思。而unprecedented常用的词组是unprecedented boom“前所未有的繁荣”。
例：Police have already warned that the Olympics may fuel an unprecedented boom in
London’s sex industry.警方提醒称，奥运会将给伦敦的性产业带来空前的繁荣。
④ extinction [ik''stikn] n. 灭绝
[ik''stikn]的t在s的后面，发音被浊化为d，故该词汇听起来更像[ik''sdikn]。
extinction常用的词组有fire extinction“灭火”。例：All water used by the fire-brigade for fire extinction purpose is supplied free by anact of Congress.根据议会的法案，消防队用于灭火的水全部免费供应。
⑤ degraded [di''greidid] v. 下降
grade在英文中表示“级”，比如upgrade“升级”是由up“向上”加上grade“级”构成的，另外还有retrograde“退后”，degrade“下降”是由de“向下”加上grade构成。degrade接介词for可表示降级的原因; 接to则可表示“降至”。例：The major was degraded for disobeying orders. 这个少校因不服从命令而被降级。His dishonest action degraded him into a loner. 他因行为不轨以致没人愿与他来往。
⑥ biodiversity [ ''baioudai''v:rsti] n. 生物多样性
biodiversity虽然拼写比较长，但分析一下，可以将其分解开来记忆。bio是biology“生物学”的缩写，加上diversity“多样的”构成了该词汇。另外[dai''v:rsti]的t前后都是元音，且为非重读音节，故发音浊化为d。常用的词组有biodiversity protection“生物多样性保护”。例：There should be no nat
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