第二部分真题还原实战演练
Test 1
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Test 2
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Test 3
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Test 4
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Test 5
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Test 6
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Test 7
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Test 8
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Test 9
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Test 10
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1est 11
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內容試閱:
B Milgram''s experimental set-up involved placinR the teacher-subjects before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranRinR from "15 volts of electricity sliRht shock" to "450 volts danger-severe shock" in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil Rave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was told that beRinning at the lowest lever and increasinR in severity with each successive wronR answer. The supposed "pupil" was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receivinR the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans,screams and writhings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and experimenter. MilRram told the teacher-subject to iRnore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.
C As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately Rive the wronR answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administerinR the hiRher levels of punishment, and turned to MilRram with questioning looks andor complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil''s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final arRument was, "You have no other choice. You must RO on." What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the hiRhest levels of shock, even in the face of stronR personal and moral revulsion aRainst the rules and conditions of the experiment.
D Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a Rroup of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the averaRe percentaRe of people in an ordinary population who would be willinR to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelminR consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that "most subjects would not RO beyond 150 volts" and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic frinRe of about one in 1,000 would Rive the highest shock of 450 volts.