This book tells the story of how a young man from Tier, in what is now Germany, became the father of communism, an economic sysytem that changed the world.Readers will learn about Karl Marx''s life, the revolution of his thought, and the effect that his ideas had on society.
關於作者：
Han Yuhai is a lifetime professor of literature at Peking University.His research interests include contemporary Chinese literature and Marxism.He has published many award -winning books and articles about modern history and literature.His book The Marxian Legacy:From Brussels to Beijing was a best seller,and in 2012-2013was a key publication for the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.His A Review of Marx''s Works was awarded the 2014 Chinese Book of the Year by the China Book Review Society.Karl Marx For Young Reader was originally published in Chinese in 2015 as Think Like a Great Mind-Karl Marx for Teenagers.This is his first work for young adults.
"From the author
Chapter 1 Where was Karl Marx from?
Chapter 2 What is a citizen?
Chapter 3 How should we pursue knowledge?
Chapter 4 What can we learn from the atom?
Chapter 5 Is it the fate of man to toil like a worker bee?
Chapter 6 How did the power of love and independent thinking help Marx?
Chapter 7 Why did Marx write a critique of Hegel?
Chapter 8 Did Marx and Engels always see eye to eye?
Chapter 9 What is communism?
Chapter 10 What is The Communist Manifesto?
Chapter 11 What was the goal of The Communist Manifesto?
Chapter 12 Did Marx predict revolution?
Chapter 13 Why is Das Kapital so important?
Chapter 14 Did Marx’s life change after Das Kapital was published?
Chapter 15 Is the work of Marx relevant today?
Chapter 16 Why was there no communist revolution in the United States?
Chapter 17 What is Marx’s legacy?
Epilogue
Glossary
A Poem by Karl Marx
Index"
內容試閱：
"To understand Karl Marx, it is important to have a clear picture of both where he came from and the time in which he lived. Marx spent his childhood in western Europe, giving him a distinct social and political identity. He lived during a time in which the upheaval of the French Revolution was still fresh in the collective memory of western Europeans, a time when the very nature of work and labor was being transformed by the Industrial Revolution.Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Trier, one of the oldest cities in what is now Germany. He lived in a well-appointed home and prospered as the son of a leading local family. From the Marx family vineyard, which overlooked the entire metropolis, young Karl could have seen great architectural landmarks from many centuries—the Roman Porta Nigra, the towering medieval cathedral, and the seventeenth-century Palace of Trier. Once the largest Roman city in the region, Trier had been a thriving center ofcommerce and industry. But the city that Marx knew as a child had very little of either. Instead, Trier was a quiet place, seemingly in decline, its glory days long past. It was also a city recently touched by revolution. When Marx was born, Trier was in a period of transition from French to Prussian rule. In the last decade of the eighteenth century, during the French Revolutionary Wars, Trier had been invaded by France and annexed as a territory. For twenty years the city had been under French occupation, butin 1815 the whole region fell to Prussia after the defeat of the French general Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo. Born just three years after Napoleon’s defeat, Karl Marx grew up among adults who still had vivid memories of their years under French rule. Many of them remembered seeing Napoleon himself when he visited the city in 1804.
For Jewish citizens of Trier like the Marx family, the time of Napoleon had brought hope of great change through French legal reform. Frenchoccupation meant the abolition of a class system based on nobility, wealth, and religion. Since Roman times, Trier had been a predominantly Catholic city and its small Jewish minority had been subjected to both social and legal discrimination that limited where they could live, whom they could socialize with, and what jobs they could hold. For Karl’s father, Heinrich Marx, the French reforms had meant the possibility of creating a new life for himself. Under French rule he chose to study law, a path previously prohibited to him. However, six months after completing his law course, the news of Napoleon’s defeat spread rapidly across the continent. Victorious Prussian troops marched into western Germany, effectively closing the door that French reform had opened. Under Prussian rule, Heinrich Marx could not practice law because he was Jewish. So he was forced toake a decision—either to accept being unable to practice law, leaving him jobless with no means to support his growing family or, as so many others had already done, to convert from Judaism to Christianity. Heinrich Marx made the decision to convert, mindful of the fact that in the time of French rule, he would not have been forced to make such a hard choice. Heinrich Marx became a Lutheran, and his children were baptized in 1824, when Karl was six. The Marx family likely considered themselves more French than Prussian. Heinrich Marx identified strongly with the rational and scientific thinkers of the French Enlightenment, and with their vision of a new civil order that had helped ignite the revolution in France in 1789. Heinrich Marx had every reason to admire Napoleon.
The French occupation of Trier had greatly changed his life and impacted his future by allowing him to pursue a profession that made life materially better for his family. Thus the effects of the French occupation directly influenced young Karl Marx’s daily life. He was born in unstable times, but his home was a stable one. Although Marx had many brothers and sisters, his father’s law practice was profitable enough to keep the family comfortable. As the years passed, the Marx family became one of the wealthiest in Trier. Karl’s mother, Henriette, came into the marriage with a sizable inheritance from her Dutch family. This enabled Heinrich to afford both a home and the costs of starting up a private law practice at a time when he otherwise lacked financial means. Henriette’s sister Sophia married a well-todo Dutch businessman, Lion Philips, who became a mentor to Karl. Lion’s grandsons would go on to found the Philips Company, today one of the largest electronics companies in the world. Given these circumstances, Karl Marx could be called a child of privilege, one who was educated, nurtured, and raised with the knowledge that he had good connections in society. Few details are known about Karl Marx during his early childhood. He was educated at his family’s home in Trier until he attended prep school at the age of twelve. He was the third oldest of nine children, though his older brother Mauritz died when Karl was an infant. With one older sister and six younger siblings, Karl must have found the house a noisy and chaotic place. He was not close to his mother—an emotional gap that would widen as he grew older. Karl was likely aware that his family was quite prosperous compared with other families in Trier, and that his father was highly regarded by fellow attorneys and other members of society. Though there is relatively little information about the young Karl Marx himself, there is enough to tell us some key things about him. For one thing, young Karl developed an affinity for French philosophical thinking. Why? Perhaps it had its beginnings in the French reforms that enabled his father to establish his own law practice. We know that Heinrich Marx was drawn to the rational mind-set of the age of reason and science, and that he read the works of the French Enlightenment writer Voltaire to young Karl. The Enlightenment ideals that gave way to the French Revolution may well have appealed to Karl Marx, even at an early age. What explains Karl’s later vision of an ideal social organization? We can only assume it did not stem from a youthful experience of class oppression, or resentment of the rich, but from a genuine desire to improve society.
It seems evident that Karl Marx did not embark on a philosophical path because of any desire for personal gain. When he came to believe that capitalism must give way to communism and that wealth should be redistributed equally, it was because he truly believed it was in the best interests of society. He dreamed of an ideal society —one stripped of the privileges and prejudices of religion, social standing, and wealth. The results of this dream, and the eventual publication of Marx’s The Communist Manifesto, would redefine the word “citizen” and lead to a level of debate, conflict, and revolutionary change that young Karl Marx could never have foreseen."
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