目录
第一章 全球化营销环境与营销管理过程1Chapter 1 Global Marketing Environment and Marketing Management Process第一节 营销相关概念21.1 Related Concepts of Marketing中外案例对比..11Case Study Comparison第二节 营销观念的演变131.2 Evolution of Marketing Philosophies中外案例对比..18Case Study Comparison第三节 营销环境201.3 Marketing Environment中外案例对比..35Case Study Comparison第四节 营销管理过程371.4 Marketing Management Process中外案例对比..46Case Study Comparison第二章 市场调研51Chapter 2 Marketing Research第一节 营销调研的角色522.1 The Role of Marketing Research中外案例对比..56Case Study Comparison第二节 营销调研的类型582.2 Types of Marketing Research中外案例对比..61Case Study Comparison第三节 营销调研的过程632.3 Process of Marketing Research中外案例对比..71Case Study Comparison第四节 营销调研的其他问题732.4 Other Issues in Marketing Research中外案例对比..77Case Study Comparison第三章 消费者市场行为81Chapter 3 Consumer Behavior in Markets第一节 消费者市场和消费者行为823.1 Consumer Market and Consumer Behavior中外案例对比..87Case Study Comparison第二节 消费者购买行为影响因素893.2 Influential Factors of Affecting Consumer Behavior中外案例对比111Case Study Comparison第三节 消费者购买决策类型与过程1133.3 Types and Processes of Consumer Buying Decision中外案例对比124Case Study Comparison第四章 组织者市场行为128Chapter 4 Organizational Buying Behavior第一节 组织者市场行为及其特征1294.1 Organizational Buying Behavior and Its Characteristics中外案例对比134Case Study Comparison第二节 组织者购买行为影响要素1364.2 Influential Factors of Affecting Organizational Buying Behavior中外案例对比142Case Study Comparison第三节 组织者购买类型与过程1444.3 Types and Processes of Organizational Buying Behavior中外案例对比154Case Study Comparison第五章 市场营销战略158Chapter 5 Marketing Strategy第一节 市场细分1595.1 Market Segmentation中外案例对比172Case Study Comparison第二节 目标市场的选择1745.2 Market Targeting中外案例对比182Case Study Comparison第三节 市场定位1845.3 Market Positioning中外案例对比190Case Study Comparison第六章 产品策略194Chapter 6 Product Strategy第一节 产品相关概念1956.1 Related Product Concepts中外案例对比204Case Study Comparison第二节 产品组合策略2066.2 Product Mix中外案例对比210Case Study Comparison第三节 品牌与包装策略2126.3 Branding and Packaging中外案例对比221Case Study Comparison第四节 新产品开发2236.4 New Product Development中外案例对比228Case Study Comparison第七章 营销渠道策略233Chapter 7 Marketing Channels Strategy第一节 营销渠道概述2347.1 The Introduction of Marketing Channels中外案例对比241Case Study Comparison第二节 营销渠道设计2437.2 Marketing Channel Design中外案例对比251Case Study Comparison第三节 营销渠道管理2537.3 Marketing Channel Management中外案例对比262Case Study Comparison
第八章 定价策略267Chapter 8 Pricing Strategy第一节 定价的影响因素2688.1 Influential Factors of Pricing中外案例对比274Case Study Comparison第二节 定价步骤2768.2 Steps of Pricing中外案例对比292Case Study Comparison第三节 价格调整2958.3 Adapting the Price中外案例对比303Case Study Comparison第九章 整合营销传播308Chapter 9 Integrated Marketing Communications第一节 整合营销传播概述3099.1 The Introduction of Integrated Marketing Communications中外案例对比314Case Study Comparison第二节 营销沟通原理及过程3179.2 Marketing Communication Principles and Process中外案例对比326Case Study Comparison第三节 营销沟通组合3289.3 Marketing Communication Mix中外案例对比349Case Study Comparison术语表355Glossary参考文献362
中文案例目录
当京津冀遇上冬奥会11微信背后的营销观18吉利汽车发布蓝色吉利行动新能源战略35熊猫快餐:全球最大中式快餐连锁如何炼成46爆果汽星座瓶开拓年轻群体56福临门品牌打造,攻心为上61零点有数71中国中车,出路在海外77携程:由亏损到盈利87联想全球化:建立可持续的顾客关系111旧手机做出大生意124独家供应商后的营销烦恼134政府如何选择购买方式和购买对象?142零售商与制造商的动态战略联盟154家电企业力推品牌年轻化172华为和小米交集越来越少182定位不清:人人网被自己打败190安踏产品介绍及分析204娃哈哈产品组合策略210纳爱斯的营销情怀221海尔的免清洗洗衣机228苏宁变革渠道与再造241华为的全能渠道是怎样炼成的251国美全渠道战略262电商低折扣营销倒逼出版社抬高定价274比亚迪需要什么样的定价策略292用低成本航空撬动商务市场303天猫的营销沟通组合314农夫山泉的整合营销传播326云南白药牙膏创新营销349英文案例目录
Disney 11UPS Sets Green Standards for Shipment Packaging 18The New Organic Walmart is Eating Whole Foods Lunch 35Why Starbucks Succeeds in China and Others Havent 46Pepsi Drinkers Live for Now56Symrise: Using Netnography to Generate New Products 61AC Nielsen 71Bikers Go Hog Wild 77Glasses are Cool Again, Thanks to Google 87Final Consumers and Their Buying Behavior 111Giving and Receiving on Freecycle.org 124Apples Supply Chain 134How do Government Buyers Make Their Buying Decisions142Sleeping with the Enemy154Age Segmentation172Differentiated Marketing of Smart Phones 182Snapchat is Positioning Itself as a Top Social Network 190Nike Races Ahead Using Activity-Tracking Technology 204GaGa: Not Just a Lady 210Procter & Gamble 221Inside Whirlpools Innovation Machine 228Greenopolis 241Googles Nexus One Promises New Distribution Channel for Smartphones 251Renew Blue: Best Buys Turnaround Strategy 262Kindle Pricing Strategies 274Global Companies Target Low-Income Consumers 292Southwest Airlines 303Nikes Promotion Marketing Communications Mix 314Dunkin Donuts: Multimedia Communications and Marketing 326Ad of the Day: Cheer Dig it, Get it Campaign 349
內容試閱:
序言前言
市场营销学自20世纪70年代末被第二次引进中国之后,西方的营销学理论在中国迅速传播,一批具有中国本土学术背景的营销学者们将国外先进的营销学教材引进、翻译、修订、完善,构成了市场上主流的市场营销学教材。目前,市面上的营销学相关教材多如牛毛,无论是在基础的营销学理论方面,还是在细分的营销学领域,都有诸多教材可供选择。随着全球化的不断发展以及大学生国际化素质培养要求的不断深化,越来越多的高校开始开设市场营销学双语课程,对双语营销学教材的需求也与日俱增。但是,编者在多年的双语教学实践中发现,目前进行双语教学的营销学教师多选择三类教材:第一类是纯英文原版,此类教材能够保证语言的原汁原味,适合学生更准确地理解营销理论,但是,纯英文原版教材多为几十万字的英文,丰富的内容加上专业的英语表达,对于我国本科生来说学习难度较大,而且,英文原版教材通常售价较贵,供应渠道有限,给学生增加了较大的经济负担;第二类是国外经典教材的翻译版,此类教材多为知名学者翻译,语言流畅,通俗易懂,而且又能准确讲述营销理论,但是过多的中文内容不适合双语教学,需要教师花费很多的时间增加英语术语和理论等内容;第三类是营销学双语教材,这类教材仍多以英文为主,辅以简单的中文术语解释,虽然中文术语解释更易于帮助学生理解营销理论,但是市场营销学是一门应用性很强的学科,此类教材对营销理论的应用缺少中文解释,而且所用案例多源于北美,不利于学生学以致用,更好地掌握理论。因此,我们萌生了编写一本适用于我国学生的市场营销学双语教材的想法。本书是在编者十余年的双语教学实践基础上,从全球化视角梳理营销管理理论,将多年的讲稿和双语教学心得进行整理,设计中文理论配合英文术语解释、融入中国本土案例与国外案例对比的全新范式。这一编著模式更适合我国学生进行市场营销学的双语学习,既能保证营销理论的原汁原味,又能深入理解营销理论的深刻内涵,同时结合本土和国际企业案例对比,更可以培养学生的国际化视野。本书定位为市场营销双语教学的理论教程,可以为广大的市场营销专业的专科生、本科生、研究生以及对营销学感兴趣的读者提供完整的营销管理思想。本书的主要特点如下:1. 中文为主,英文为辅。本教材突破现有双语教材的传统范式,以中文为主介绍和讲解理论,便于学生理解,对关键概念、核心理论以及重要语句配以英文对照,既可保证理论的原汁原味,又便于教师展开双语教学。2. 结构清晰,易于学习。本教材每一章都由学习目标、主要内容、英文引言、中英文案例对比、案例分析、关键术语、讨论问题、互联网练习等构成,便于学生带着问题去学习每章内容,并在学习之后进行课后总结和自测。在教材最后部分有术语表的索引,方便学生随时查阅。3. 教辅资源丰富,方便教学。本教材配有课后题参考答案、英文版电子课件、英文版自测习题库,便于教师在教学中使用,也可以用于学生自学。4. 中外案例对比,便于讨论学习。本教材共包含30个中文案例、30个英文案例,分别放在每一节内容的最后,以成对的方式出现,案例涉及各个行业,包括许多知名的国际企业案例,也包括一些我国本土企业的典型案例。在案例后面配以简单的案例分析,引导读者在国际化的视角下思考、讨论本节的学习内容。本教材由天津理工大学李慧博士担任主编,北京物资学院李敬强博士、青岛大学王克稳博士、中国公安大学李辉博士担任副主编。第一章、第二章由李慧撰写完成,第三章、第四章由李敬强撰写完成,第五章由王克稳撰写完成,第六章由李慧和谷园园撰写完成,第七章和第八章由李辉撰写完成,第九章由李慧和阚婷婷撰写完成。最后由李慧博士负责审校和统稿。本教材特别邀请了美国Black Hills State University的Wei Song教授和加拿大Thompson Rivers University的Che-Hui Lien教授参与教材的框架设计、英文资料查找以及部分的英文审校工作,他们为本教材英文的准确性贡献了很大的力量。参加教材编写和修订工作的还有傅文利老师、硕士研究生王春峰同学、本科生杨孟杭同学,在本教材的校对和排版工作中他们付出了辛苦的努力。感谢天津理工大学国际工商学院的苏汾老师、朱柯冰老师、李博老师对教材中英语部分的宝贵建议。清华大学出版社吴雷编辑在整个教材编写过程中给予我们很大的帮助,从框架的确定到书稿的完成,吴雷编辑不厌其烦,认真细致。本教材凝聚了所有成员的辛勤汗水,是集体智慧的结晶。在编写过程中,我们对每一个来源都认真查找,竭尽全力保证准确。但是,鉴于编者水平有限,全书一定有许多不足之处,敬请读者批评指正。 李慧 2017年2月23日
Preface
In the modern era, marketing keeps changing constantly, from initially focusing on production and products to gradually prioritizing customer needs as the core, and increasingly emphasizing the positive role it plays in the sustainable development of society. As a highly popular business course in Chinas colleges and universities, marketing has always remained a big attraction in the textbook publishing industry, and numerous textbooks for it are available on shelves. Among this wide variety of choices, most instructors prefer Chinese textbooks or Chinese versions of the classic foreign marketing textbooks for teaching or reference. However, since the 21st century, the continuously deepening internationalization of China has caused a surge in domestic demand for talents equipped with global vision and English proficiency, hence many Chinese colleges and universities began to offer bilingual marketing courses, which then induced a growing demand for English-Chinese bilingual textbooks for this course as teaching materials. Unfortunately, bilingual marketing textbooks suitable for Chinese students are in extremely short supply at present, so original foreign textbooks are often taken as close substitutes, which poses great challenges to effective teaching. Typical problems faced by an instructor include but are not limited to: lack of appropriate case study analysis of Chinese companies, failure to apply foreign research results to Chinas practical experiences, and students poor understanding of the text due to language barriers. Therefore, how to improve efficiency and effectiveness of bilingual teaching becomes a major concern for each and every teacher of bilingual marketing courses.In this context, our writing group comes up with the idea of compiling this bilingual marketing textbook. It approaches marketing management theories with a global perspective, and combines those theories with our lecture notes as well as rich bilingual teaching experience. All contents are carefully chosen and based on over ten years of bilingual teaching experience of the chief editor. An innovative paradigm, which puts Chinese and foreign case studies side by side, is adopted so as to facilitate comparison and understanding, and seamlessly integrate theories in Chinese with explanations of terms in English. The overall format of this textbook is particularly designed to help Chinese students study marketing bilingually, with an aim to maintain the original marketing theories on the one hand, and ensure readers in-depth understanding of the profound meaning of these theories on the other hand. Furthermore, the comparison between domestic and international business cases contributes to preparing students with a global perspective. This textbook is ideal for bilingual marketing courses. It provides a comprehensive and well-illustrated overview of marketing management ideas, and is suitable for a wide range of readers in marketing-related fields, including business major students at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, and other readers interested in marketing management. The joint efforts and collective wisdom of all the writing group members make an unseen but indispensable part of this textbook. All citations and references have been carefully checked for accuracy. Deficiencies and imperfections are possible and further comments, critiques and suggestions from all readers are welcome.
第一节 消费者市场和消费者行为3.1 Consumer Market and Consumer Behavior一、消费者市场在当前市场全球化程度不断提高的背景下,在很多方面,全球的消费者正变得越来越相似。全球范围内众多的消费者都对麦当劳、可口可乐、好莱坞电影、中国制造耳熟能详,也有越来越多的消费者喜欢这些全球品牌的商品或服务。所谓消费者,是指为了个人消费而购买商品和服务的个人或家庭,是识别需求或欲望,实施购买并处置产品的人。从市场需求的框架考察消费者,他们是那些对某种产品或服务具有现实或潜在需求的个人或家庭,他们购买产品或服务不是为了再生产或给其他人提供服务,而是产品或服务的终点。如果消费的目的是用于再生产,则不属于消费者范畴。需要注意的是,消费者并不仅仅是指产品的直接使用者。在很多情况下,不同的人在消费过程的一系列活动中扮演着不同的角色。产品的购买者和使用者可能并不是同一个人,比如父母为自己10多岁的孩子选购衣服(特别是在中国,父母经常出于自己的立场为孩子选购商品、定制服务等,尽管在青少年眼里,父母所做出的选择可能是过时的)。有的时候,其他人会通过提出支持或反对意见对特定产品的消费起到影响者的作用。比如,年轻的女性购买裤子时,闺蜜的一个鬼脸表情可能远比父母的话更具有影响力。所有的最终消费者合起来就组成了消费者市场。中国大陆的消费者市场由13.7亿以上的人口构成,2015年全年消费价值300 931亿元人民币的产品(见图3-1),使中国成为世界上最具吸引力的消费者市场之一。2015年,全球人口总量已达73亿,中国和印度的人口数分别占世界总量的19%和18%。仅在亚洲,中国、印度、印度尼西亚、日本和韩国的人口就已经超过了全球人口的一半。而北美、西欧和日本的消费力则占全球的70%。但随着经济的复苏与快速发展,亚洲被认为是全球最具吸引力的市场。
In many ways, consumers around the world are becoming more alike.
The final consumers are individuals or households who buy goods and services for personal consumption, who identify a need or desire, make a purchase, and then dispose of the product during the consumption process.
In many cases, however, different people play a different role in this sequence of events. The purchaser and user of a product might not be the same person, as when a parent picks out clothes for a teenager and makes selections that can result in fashion suicide in the view of the teen.
In other cases, another person may act as an influencer by recommending certain products without actually buying or using them. A friends grimace when a girl trys on that new pair of pants may be more influential than anything her parents might say.
All of these combined final consumers make up the consumer market.
With the economic recovery and boom, Asia is regarded as the most attractive consumer market in the world.全球消费者在年龄、收入、受教育程度、价值观和偏好等方面存在巨大差异。他们购买与消费琳琅满目的产品与服务。营销者需要知道消费者怎样以及何时消费这些产品,这些多样化的消费者是如何相互联系,以及全球范围内的其他因素是如何影响他们对不同产品、服务和公司的选择。
Such consumers vary tremendously in age, income, education level, value, and tastes. Marketers need to know how and when they consume their products. How these diverse consumers relate with each other and how other elements of the world around them impact their choices among various products, services, and companies.
图3-1 20112015年中国社会消费品零售总额Table 3-1 Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods in China from 2011 to 2015资料来源:国家统计局. 2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报, http:www.stats.gov.cntjsjzxfb201602t20160229_1323991.html, 2016-02-29
通常而言,消费者市场与第四章中讲到的组织者市场相比具有如下特点。一是购买人数多,供应范围广。例如可口可乐、麦当劳、耐克、华为、天猫等公司为全球消费者提供产品和服务,消费者的吃、穿、住、用、行、娱乐等都属于消费品范畴,高、中、低档均包含在内。二是交易数量小,交易次数多。相比组织市场的大宗商品交易而言,为个人或家庭进行的最终消费一般每次购买的数量较小,属于小型购买,同时由于购买数量少,为了维持个人或家庭的延续需要多次重复购买,这样既可以节省每次购买的资金,同时可以保证产品或服务及时更新。三是消费差异大,消费变化快。由于全球范围内生活习惯、文化背景、宗教信仰或价值观念的差异,消费习惯存在较大差异,而且每一时期的消费文化也在不断变化,今年流行黄裙子转过年来可能就是古典旗袍展现女性魅力。
Characteristics of consumer market:
1. The population in the consumer market is relatively larger, and the goods or services are more widely dispersed.
2. Consumers buy in a small quantity and purchase frequently.
3. Demands of consumers are different, and vary continuously.四是需求弹性大,购买流动快。消费者市场需求是直接需求,来源于居民各种生活的方方面面,在很多消费品的购买中,价格决策尤为重要和敏感。另一方面,消费品替代性较大,如满足人们口渴需要的产品可以有碳酸饮料、果汁饮料、功能饮料、纯净水、矿泉水等,更不用说还有不同的品牌存在。另外,随着人口流动性的增加,也会造成购买力在不同区域内的转移,从而带来消费的转移。二、消费者行为消费者对产品和服务的偏好总是在不断变化的。为了解释这种不断变化的状态,营销管理者必须对消费者行为有一个深入的了解。消费者行为是指个体、群体和组织为了满足需要与欲望而挑选、购买、使用或处置产品、服务、观念或体验所涉及的过程。在消费者行为学的早期研究阶段,消费者行为经常是指购买者行为,强调消费者与生产者在购买过程中的相互影响。现在,大多数营销人员已经认识到消费行为是一个持续的过程,而不仅仅是消费者掏出现金或信用卡买到商品或服务那一刻发生的事情。交换是营销中必不可少的部分,是指两个或两个以上的组织或个人付出和取得某种有价值的东西的过程。尽管交换仍是消费者行为中的重要部分,但广义的观点强调消费的全过程,包括购买前、购买中和购买后影响消费者的所有的 问题。对消费者行为的理解可以在多个方面帮助营销管理人员。例如,如果营销人员通过调查了解到,对于一个特定目标市场而言,汽车的油耗量是消费者关注的最重要属性,那么生产商就可以重新设计产品来满足该需求。如果这个公司在短期内不能改变设计,那么它可以尝试通过促销的方式去改变消费者决策制定的标准依据。当乐高公司意识到新一代的孩子正在寻找个性的、独特的堆砌玩具时,公司创建了一个名为乐高由我设计(LEGO Design by Me)的网站,允许消费者下载Digital Designer 3.0软件设计、分享并建造为自己定制的乐高产品,成为率先采用大规模定制的玩具品牌。