List of Figures xviiList of Tables xviiiList of Contributors xixIntroduction Florian Coulmas 1Part I Foundations 131 The Evolution of a Sociolinguistic Theory of Language R. B. Le Page 152 The Demography of Language Albert F. Verdoodt 33Part II Social Dimensions of Language 453 Varieties and Variation James Milroy and Lesley Milroy 474 Language Change in Progress: Variation as It Happens Norman Denison 655 Social Factors in Language Change William Bright 816 Sociophonology John Honey 927 Dialect in Society Walt Wolfram 1078 Gender as a Sociolinguistic Variable: New Perspectives on Variation Studies Ruth Wodak and Gertraud Benke 1279 Age as a Sociolinguistic Variable Penelope Eckert 15110 Spoken and Written Language Celia Roberts and Brian Street 16811 The Sociolinguistics of Communication Media Gerhard Leitner 18712 Diglossia as a Sociolinguistic Situation Harold F. Schiffman 20513 Code-switching Carol Myers-Scotton 21714 Language Contact and Language Generation: Pidgins and Creoles John R. Rickford and John McWhorter 23815 Language Contact and Language Degeneration Colette Grinevald Craig 257Part III Linguistic Dimensions of Society 27116 Language Contact and Language Displacement Matthias Brenzinger 27317 Language Conflict Peter Hans Nelde 28518 Multilingualism Michael Clyne 30119 Language and Identity Andrée Tabouret-Keller 31520 Language and Ethnicity: The View from Within A. Fishman 32721 Global Scale Sociolinguistics Grant D. McConnell 34422 Language and the Mediation of Experience: Linguistic Representation and Cognitive Orientation Michael Stubbs 35823 Linguistic Etiquette Gabriele Kasper 374Part IV Applied Issues 38724 Sociolinguistics and Education Ludo Verhoeven 38925 Bilingual Education Ofelia García 40526 Sociolinguistics and the Law Edward Finegan 42127 Language Planning and Language Reform Denise Daoust 436Bibliography 453Index 521