导 读
— 001 —
PREFACE
— 003 —
RACE
— 005 —
RACE AND PROGRESS (1931)
— 007 —
MODERN POPULATIONS OF AMERICA (1915)
— 026 —
REPORT ON AN ANTHROPOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES (1922)
— 040 —
CHANGES IN BODILY FORM OF DESCENDANTS OF IMMIGRANTS (1910-1913)
— 086 —
NEW EVIDENCE IN REGARD TO THE INSTABILITY OF HUMAN TYPES (1916)
— 107 —
INFLUENCE OF HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT UPON GROWTH (1913)
— 115 —
THE TEMPO OF GROWTH OF FRATERNITIES (1935)
— 120 —
CONDITIONS CONTROLLING THE TEMPO OF DEVELOPMENT AND DECAY (1935)
— 124 —
REMARKS ON THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHILDREN (1912)
— 131 —
GROWTH (1892-1939， revised and condensed)
— 144 —
STATISTICAL STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRY (1902)
— 177 —
THE HALF-BLOOD INDIAN (1894)
— 186 —
REVIEW OF DR. PAUL EHRENREICH， “ANTHROPOLOGISCHE STUDIEN UEBER DIE UREINWOHNER BRASILIENS” (1897)
— 201 —
REVIEW OF WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY， “THE RACES OF EUROPE” (1899)
— 209 —
REVIEW OF ROLAND B. DIXON， “THE RACIAL HISTORY OF MAN” (1923)
— 216 —
SOME RECENT CRITICISM OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (1899)
— 223 —
THE RELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY (1936)
— 232 —
THE ANALYSIS OF ANTHROPOMETRICAL SERIES (1913)
— 237 —
THE MEASUREMENT OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIABLE QUANTITIES (1922)
— 244 —
RACE AND CHARACTER (1932)
— 258 —
LANGUAGE
— 265 —
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS (1917)
— 267 —
THE CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN LANGUAGES (1920)
— 283 —
CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES (1929)
— 294 —
SOME TRAITS OF THE DAKOTA LANGUAGE (1937)
— 304 —
METAPHORICAL EXPRESSION IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE KWAKIUTL INDIANS (1929)
— 312 —
CULTURE
— 323 —
THE AIMS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH (1932)
— 325 —
SOME PROBLEMS OF METHODOLOGY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (1930)
— 348 —
THE LIMITATIONS OF THE COMPARATIVE METHOD OF
ANTHROPOLOGY (1896)
— 361 —
THE METHODS OF ETHNOLOGY (1920)
— 375 —
EVOLUTION OR DIFFUSION (1924)
— 388 —
REVIEW OF GRAEBNER， “METHODE DER ETHNOLOGIE” (1911)
— 395 —
HISTORY AND SCIENCE IN ANTHROPOLOGY: A REPLY (1936)
— 408 —
THE ETHNOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ESOTERIC DOCTRINES (1902)
— 418 —
THE ORIGIN OF TOTEMISM (1910)
— 424 —
THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN RACE (1911)
— 434 —
ETHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN CANADA (1910)
— 444 —
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NORTH-WEST AMERICA AND NORTHEAST ASIA (1933)
— 463 —
THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KWAKIUTL (1920)
— 480 —
THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TRIBES OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST (1924)
— 499 —
THE GROWTH OF THE SECRET SOCIETIES OF THE KWAKIUTL
(1896)
— 510 —
THE RELATIONSHIP SYSTEM OF THE VANDAU (1922)
— 517 —
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOLK-TALES AND MYTHS (1916)
— 533 —
INTRODUCTION TO JAMES TEIT， “THE TRADITIONS OF THE
THOMPSON INDIANS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA” (1898)
— 547 —
THE GROWTH OF INDIAN MYTHOLOGIES (1895)
— 571 —
DISSEMINATION OF TALES AMONG THE NATIVES OF NORTH AMERICA (1891)
— 586 —
REVIEW OF G. W. LOCHER， “THE SERPENT IN KWAKIUTL RELIGION: A STUDY IN PRIMITIVE CULTURE” (1933)
— 598 —
MYTHOLOGY AND FOLK-TALES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS (1914)
— 604 —
STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF PRIMITIVE LITERATURE (1925)
— 656 —
THE FOLK-LORE OF THE ESKIMO (1904)
— 673 —
ROMANCE FOLK-LORE AMONG AMERICAN INDIANS (1925)
— 693 —
SOME PROBLEMS IN NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY (1902)
— 704 —
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE VALLEY OF MEXICO BY THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL， 1911-12 (1912)
— 710 —
REPRESENTATIVE ART OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLE (1916)
— 717 —
REVIEW OF MACCURDY， “STUDY OF CHIRIQUIAN ANTIQUITIES” (1911)
— 725 —
THE DECORATIVE ART OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS (1903)
— 732 —
DECORATIVE DESIGNS OF ALASKAN NEEDLECASES: A STUDY IN
THE HISTORY OF CONVENTIONAL DESIGNS， BASED ON 564-592 MATERIALS IN THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM (1908)
— 754 —
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE ESKIMO OF EAST GREENLAND (1909)
— 791 —
THE IDEA OF THE FUTURE LIFE AMONG PRIMITIVE TRIBES (1922)
— 793 —
THE CONCEPT OF SOUL AMONG THE VANDAU (1920)
— 811 —
RELIGIOUS TERMINOLOGY OF THE KWAKIUTL (1927)
— 816 —
MISCELLANEOUS
— 825 —
ADVANCES IN METHODS OF TEACHING (1898)
— 827 —
THE AIMS OF ETHNOLOGY (1888)
— 833 —
THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY (1887)
— 852 —
PREFACE
Anthropology， the science of man， is often held to be a subject that may satisfy our curiosity regarding the early history of mankind， but of no immediate bearing upon problems that confront us. This view has always seemed to me erroneous. Growing up in our own civilization we know little how we ourselves are conditioned by it， how our bodies， our language， our modes of thinking and acting are determined by limits imposed upon us by our environment. Knowledge of the life processes and behavior of man under conditions of life fundamentally different from our own can help us to obtain a freer view of our own lives and of our life problems. The dynamics of life have always been of greater interest to me than the description of conditions， although I recognize that the latter must form the indispensable material on which to base our conclusions.
My endeavors have largely been directed by this point of view. In the following pages I have collected such of my writings as， I hope， will prove the validity of my point of view.
The material presented here is not intended to show a chronological development. The plan is rather to throw light on the problems treated. General discussions are followed by reports on special investigations on the results of which general viewpoints are based.
On the whole I have left the statements as they first appeared. Only in the discussion of the problems of stability of races and of growth which extend over many years， has scattered material been combined. In these the mathematical problems have been omitted and diagrams have been substituted for numerical tables. Here and there reviews and controversies have been included where they seemed relevant and of importance for the clearer statement of theories.
The terms “race” and “racial” are throughout used in the sense that they mean the assembly of genetic lines represented in a population.
It is natural that the earlier papers do not include data available at the present time. I have not made any changes by introducing new material because it seemed to me that the fundamental theoretical treatment of problems is still valid. In a few cases footnotes in regard to new investigations or criticisms of the subject matter have been added.
I have included two very early general papers at the end of the book because they indicate the general attitude underlying my later work.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Alexander Lesser whose help and advice in the selection of material has been of greatest value.
FRANZ BOAS
Columbia University
November 29， 1939
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