Jonathan M. Marr为美国联合学院物理学和天文学的高级讲师。研究涉及对射电星系和银河中心的高分辨率无线电波长观测。他在加州大学伯克利分校获得天文学博士学位。Jonathan M. Marr为美国联合学院物理学和天文学的高级讲师。研究涉及对射电星系和银河中心的高分辨率无线电波长观测。他在加州大学伯克利分校获得天文学博士学位。
目錄：
射电天文学. 观测方法 分册目录CHAPTER 1 Introductory Material 射电天文学基础1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF RADIO ASTRONOMY 射电天文学简史1.2 SOME FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIO WAVES 射电波的一些基本原理1.2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 电磁辐射1.2.2 Spectroscopy 频谱学1.3 FINDING OUR WAY IN THE SKY 在天空中定位1.3.1 Sky Coordinate System: Right Ascension and Declination 天球坐标系：赤经和赤纬1.3.2 Observer-Centered Definitions 以观测者为中心的定义1.3.3 Apparent Sizes 表观尺寸1.4 BASIC STRUCTURE OF A TRADITIONAL RADIO TELESCOPE 传统射电望远镜的基本结构1.4.1 Parabolic Reflector 抛物面式反射面1.4.2 Mount 座架1.4.3 Feeds， Receivers， and Computer 馈源、接收机和计算机1.5 RADIO MAPS 射电成图QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Radiation Physics 辐射物理学简介2.1 MEASURES OF THE AMOUNT OF RADIATION 辐射量的测量2.1.1 Total Energy Emitted 辐射的总能量2.1.2 Luminosity 光度2.1.3 Flux 流量2.1.4 Flux Density 流量密度2.1.5 Intensity 强度2.1.6 Relation between Intensity and the Electric Field and Magnetic Field Waves 强度与电磁场波之间的关系2.2 BLACKBODY RADIATION 黑体辐射2.3 RAYLEIGH?CJEANS APPROXIMATION 瑞利?C金斯近似2.4 BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE 亮温度2.5 COHERENT RADIATION 相干辐射2.6 INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT 光的干涉2.7 POLARIZATION OF RADIATION 辐射的偏振2.7.1 Stokes Parameters 斯托克斯参数QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题CHAPTER 3 Radio Telescopes 射电望远镜3.1 RADIO TELESCOPE REFLECTORS， ANTENNAS， AND FEEDS 射电望远镜的反射面、天线和馈源3.1.1 Primary Reflectors 主反射面3.1.2 Beam Pattern 波束图3.1.3 Feeds and Primary Reflector Illumination 馈源和主反射面照明3.1.4 Surface Errors 表面误差3.1.5 Beam Pattern Revisited* 再谈波束图3.2 HETERODYNE RECEIVERS 外差式接收机3.2.1 Transmission Lines 传输线3.2.2 Front-End Receiver Components 接收机前端组件3.2.3 Back-End Receiver Components 接收机后端组件3.2.4 High-Frequency Heterodyne Receivers 高频外差式接收机3.3 NOISE， NOISE TEMPERATURE， AND ANTENNA TEMPERATURE 噪声、噪声温度和天线温度3.4 BOLOMETER DETECTORS 辐射热探测计3.5 SPECTROMETERS 频谱仪3.5.1 Filter Bank Spectrometer 滤波器组式频谱仪3.5.2 Digital Spectrometers* 数字式频谱仪3.6 VERY LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO ASTRONOMY 甚低频射电天文学3.6.1 Low-Frequency Window 低频窗口3.6.2 Antennas 天线3.6.3 Receivers 接收机3.6.4 Radio Frequency Interference 射频干扰QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题CHAPTER 4 Single-Dish Radio Telescope Observations 单口径射电望远镜观测4.1 BASIC MEASUREMENTS WITH A SINGLE-DISH TELESCOPE 单口径望远镜的基本测量4.1.1 Switched Observations 开关式观测4.1.2 Determination of System Temperature 系统温度的确定4.1.3 Measurement of Antenna Temperature 天线温度的测量4.1.4 Uncertainty in the Measured Antenna Temperature 测量天线温度的不确定性4.2 ANTENNA BEAM 天线波束4.2.1 Beam Power Pattern and Antenna Solid Angle 波束功率方向图和天线立体角4.2.2 Main Beam and Angular Resolution 主波束和角分辨率4.2.3 Main Beam Efficiency 主波束效率4.2.4 Detected Power from Extended Sources 从扩展源中探测功率4.3 OBSERVING RESOLVED VERSUS UNRESOLVED SOURCES 观测可解析源与不可解析源4.3.1 Unresolved Sources 不可解析源4.3.2 Resolved Sources 可解析源4.3.3 Uniform Source That Fills the Sky 充满天空的均匀源4.3.4 Brightness Temperature versus Antenna Temperature， Beam Dilution， and Beam Filling Factor 亮温度与天线温度、波束稀释和波束填充系数的关系4.4 SPECTRAL-LINE OBSERVATIONS 谱线观测4.4.1 Spectral Parameters 频谱参数4.4.2 Frequency Switching 频率切换4.5 OBTAINING RADIO IMAGES 获取射电图像4.5.1 Convolution with Beam Pattern 与波束图的卷积4.5.2 Deconvolution 去卷积4.6 CALIBRATION OF A RADIO TELESCOPE 射电望远镜的校准4.6.1 Pointing Corrections 指向校正4.6.2 Calibration of the Gain， Effective Area， and Gain Curve 增益、有效面积和增益曲线的校准4.6.3 Measuring the Beam Pattern and Main Beam Efficiency 测量波束图和主波束效率4.6.4 Calculating Antenna Solid Angle and Main Beam Efficiency 计算天线立体角和主波束效率4.7 TELESCOPE SENSITIVITY CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING AN OBSERVATION 规划观测时关于望远镜灵敏度的考虑4.8 POLARIZATION CALIBRATION* 偏振校准QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题CHAPTER 5 Aperture Synthesis Basics: Two-Element Interferometers 综合孔径基础：两单元干涉仪5.1 WHY APERTURE SYNTHESIS 为什么要综合孔径5.2 TWO-ELEMENT INTERFEROMETER 两单元干涉仪5.3 OBSERVATIONS OF A SINGLE-POINT SOURCE 单点源的观测5.3.1 Response of the Additive Interferometer 相加干涉仪的响应5.3.2 Response of the Multiplicative Interferometer 相关干涉仪的响应5.3.3 Effect of Noise 噪声的影响5.4 FRINGE FUNCTION 条纹函数5.5 VISIBILITY FUNCTION 可见度函数5.5.1 Analysis of Visibilities for a Single-Point Source 点源的可见度函数分析5.6 OBSERVATIONS OF A PAIR OF UNRESOLVED SOURCES 一对不可解析源的观测5.7 OBSERVATIONS OF A SINGLE EXTENDED SOURCE 单个扩展源的观测5.8 COHERENCE AND THE EFFECTS OF FINITE BANDWIDTH AND INTEGRATION TIME 有限带宽与积分时间的相干性及其影响5.8.1 Bandwidth Smearing 带宽导致的模糊5.8.2 Time Smearing 时间导致的模糊5.9 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTERFEROMETRY 干涉测量的基本原理QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题CHAPTER 6 Aperture Synthesis: Advanced Discussion 综合孔径：高级讨论6.1 CROSS-CORRELATION OF RECEIVED SIGNALS 接收信号的互相关6.2 COMPLEX-VALUED CROSS-CORRELATION 复值互相关6.3 COMPLEX CORRELATION OF A POINT SOURCE AT A SINGLE FREQUENCY 单频上点源的复相关6.4 EXTENDED SOURCES AND THE FOURIER TRANSFORM 扩展源和傅里叶变换6.5 FOURIER TRANSFORMS FOR SOME COMMON SOURCE SHAPES 常见形状源的傅里叶变换6.5.1 Visibility Function of a Point Source 点源的可见度函数6.5.2 Visibility Function of Two Point Sources 双点源的可见度函数6.5.3 Visibility Function of a Gaussian Profile 高斯轮廓源的可见度函数6.6 THREE DIMENSIONS， THE EARTH’S ROTATION， AND THE COMPLEX FRINGE FUNCTION 三维空间、地球自转和复条纹函数6.7 NONZERO BANDWIDTH AND FINITE INTEGRATION TIME 非零带宽和有限积分时间6.8 SOURCE STRUCTURE AND THE VISIBILITY FUNCTION 源结构和可见度函数6.8.1 Sky Coordinates and the Visibility Function 天球坐标和可见度函数6.8.2 uv-Plane uv平面6.8.3 Visibility Functions of Simple Structures 简单结构的可见度函数6.9 THE EARTH’S ROTATION AND UV TRACKS 地球自转和 uv 轨迹6.10 INTERFEROMETERS AS SPATIAL FILTERS 干涉仪作为空间滤波器6.11 SENSITIVITY AND DETECTION LIMITS 灵敏度和探测极限6.11.1 Noise in a Visibility 可见度中的噪声6.11.2 Image Sensitivity 图像灵敏度6.11.3 Brightness Sensitivity 亮度灵敏度6.12 CALIBRATION 校准6.13 IMAGE FORMATION 图像形成6.13.1 Image Dimensions and Gridding Parameters 图像尺寸和网格参数6.13.2 Dirty Map and Dirty Beam 脏图和脏波束6.13.3 uv Weighting Schemes uv加权方案6.13.4 CLEANing the Map: Deconvolving the Dirty Beam 洁化图像：对脏波束去卷积6.13.5 Self-Calibration and Closure Phase and Amplitude 自校准、闭合相位和振幅6.14 VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY* 甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）6.14.1 VLBI Resolution and Sensitivity VLBI的分辨率和灵敏度6.14.2 Hardware Considerations for VLBI VLBI的硬件考虑6.14.3 Fringe Searching or Fringe Fitting 条纹搜索或条纹拟合QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 习题Appendix A Constants and Conversions 常量及其单位换算Appendix B Derivation of Beam Pattern 波束图的推导Appendix C Cross-Correlations 互相关Appendix D Complex-Exponential Form of Wave Functions 波函数的复指数形式Appendix E Prime
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