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| 內容簡介： |
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本书是在中国科学院大学研究生授课讲义的基础上编撰而成。本课程为“制冷及低温工程”“动力机械及工程”“工程热物理”等专业的研究生的专业普及课，主要讲授金属、聚合物和纤维增强聚合物基复合材料在低温下的力学性能、电学性能、热学性能和磁学性能及测量方法。此外，本书还简要介绍了实用超导材料。本书可作为制冷及低温工程等专业的本科生和研究生教材及参考书，还可作为从事低温技术及材料科学的科研人员的参考书。
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| 關於作者： |
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李来风，博士生导师，中国科学院理化所技术研究所研究员、科技委员会副主任。李来风毕业于中国科学院物理研究所，获理学博士学位，先后在美国密西根大学做博士后和意大利国际高等科技中心做访问学者。李来风长期从事低温材料、低温工程和应用超导研究，解决了适用于低温的陶瓷和树脂基材料的设计原理、结构演化、性能调控等关键科学问题。李来风研制的陶瓷、负热膨胀及树脂基材料在航天、深海探测和超导磁约束聚变装置等领域得到应用。李来风已发表学术论文200余篇，授权国家发明专利20余项。黄传军，博士生导师，中国科学院理化所技术研究所研究员。黄传军毕业于香港理工大学，获理学博士学位。黄传军主要从事树脂基复合材料和金属材料研发、低温力学性能表征方法和技术标准以及工程材料低温物性数据库建设等工作。黄传军已发表学术论文40余篇，制定国家、行业和团体标准10余项。
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| 目錄：
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目 录
第1 章 绪论································································································.1
1.1 低温简介·························································································.1
1.2 低温材料简介···················································································.3
1.2.1 低温材料发展简史····································································.4
1.2.2 不同低温材料性能及应用简介·····················································.5
1.2.3 与低温材料相关的事故和实例·····················································.6
1.3 低温材料选取的注意事项····································································.7
1.3.1 介质相容性·············································································.7
1.3.2 低温韧脆转变··········································································.8
1.3.3 热应力和热应变·······································································.8
1.3.4 抗热震性················································································11
1.3.5 低温诱发相变··········································································12
1.4 本章小结·························································································12
复习思考题1···························································································12
本章参考文献··························································································12
第2 章 材料低温力学性能··············································································14
2.1 材料的低温弹性变形··········································································14
2.1.1 弹性变形················································································14
2.1.2 模量······················································································16
2.1.3 泊松比···················································································20
2.2 材料的低温塑性和强度·······································································23
2.2.1 塑性变形················································································24
2.2.2 强度······················································································26
2.2.3 静强度准则与安全系数······························································29
2.3 材料的低温韧性················································································30
2.3.1 冲击韧度与低温韧脆转变···························································30
2.3.2 断裂力学与断裂韧度·································································36
2.4 材料的低温疲劳性能··········································································51
2.4.1 变应力与材料疲劳····································································51
2.4.2 S -N 曲线与ε-N 曲线·································································52
2.4.3 疲劳裂纹扩展速率及门槛值························································55
2.4.4 疲劳设计概要··········································································57
低温材料基础
·VIII·
2.5 本章小结·························································································58
复习思考题2···························································································58
本章参考文献··························································································59
第3 章 材料低温物理性能··············································································61
3.1 低温热学性能···················································································61
3.1.1 比热······················································································61
3.1.2 热导率···················································································77
3.1.3 热扩散系数·············································································84
3.1.4 接触热阻················································································85
3.1.5 热发射率················································································90
3.1.6 热膨胀···················································································92
3.2 低温电学性能···················································································94
3.2.1 金属材料电导率························3
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